
LTC1799
6
1799fc
Theory oF operaTion
As shown in the Block Diagram, the LTC1799’s master
oscillator is controlled by the ratio of the voltage between
the V+ and SET pins and the current entering the SET pin
(IRES).ThevoltageontheSETpinisforcedtoapproximately
1.13V below V+ by the PMOS transistor and its gate bias
voltage. This voltage is accurate to ±7% at a particular
input current and supply voltage (see Figure 1). The ef-
fective input resistance is approximately 2k.
A resistor RSET, connected between the V+ and SET pins,
“locks together” the voltage (V+ – VSET) and current, IRES,
variation. This provides the LTC1799’s high precision. The
master oscillation frequency reduces to:
MO =10MHz
10k
RSET
The LTC1799 is optimized for use with resistors between
10kand200k,correspondingtomasteroscillatorfrequen-
ciesbetween0.5MHzand10MHz.Accuratefrequenciesup
to 20MHz (RSET = 5k) are attainable if the supply voltage
is greater than 4V.
Toextendtheoutputfrequencyrange,themasteroscillator
signal may be divided by 1, 10 or 100 before driving OUT
Figure 2. RSET vs Desired Output Frequency
(Pin 5). The divide-by value is determined by the state of
the DIV input (Pin 4). Tie DIV to GND or drive it below 0.5V
to select ÷1. This is the highest frequency range, with the
master output frequency passed directly to OUT. The DIV
pin may be floated or driven to midsupply to select ÷10,
the intermediate frequency range. The lowest frequency
range, ÷100, is selected by tying DIV to V+ or driving it to
within 0.4V of V+. Figure 2 shows the relationship between
RSET, divider setting and output frequency, including the
overlapping frequency ranges near 100kHz and 1MHz.
The CMOS output driver has an on resistance that is typi-
cally less than 100Ω. In the ÷1 (high frequency) mode,
the rise and fall times are typically 7ns with a 5V supply
and 11ns with a 3V supply. These times maintain a clean
square wave at 10MHz (20MHz at 5V supply). In the ÷10
and÷100modes,wheretheoutputfrequencyismuchlower,
slew rate control circuitry in the output driver increases
the rise/fall times to typically 14ns for a 5V supply and
19ns for a 3V supply. The reduced slew rate lowers EMI
(electromagnetic interference) and supply bounce.
Figure 1. V+ – VSET Variation with IRES
IRES (A)
1
0.8
V RES
=
V
+ –
V
SET
1.2
1.3
1.4
10
100
1000
1799 F01
1.1
1.0
0.9
V+ = 5V
V+ = 3V
TA = 25°C
DESIRED OUTPUT FREQUENCY (Hz)
10
R
SET
(k)
100
1k
100k
1M
10M
1799 F02
1
10k
1000
100M
÷100
÷10
÷1
MOST
ACCURATE
OPERATION